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My wife asked a khulaʿ from the community imam, and the imam called me about it. I told him she took my house, my cars, and mahar, so she is supposed to return all my belonging. The imam still gave here khulaʿ and never contacted me back. So then I found from my friend and talked to the imam. My wife lied that the city took over the house and stole her gold. So imam finally admitted that he made a big mistake. So he called both of us and she agreed to return everything, but now while he gave her fatwa already, she is not responding. So what is the status of the khulaʿ and what should I do further against that fatwa. I Need help.
Khulaʿ is a process in which a wife requests a divorce from her husband in exchange for a monetary compensation.[1] If the husband does not agree to give her divorce, she may seek faskh al-nikāh (annulment of marriage) through a qualified judicial body.
In countries where judges have authority over religious matters, a wife can present her case to a Muslim judge to determine whether there are valid grounds for faskh al-nikāh. However, in non-Muslim countries, where civil courts do not have jurisdiction over religious marriages, Muslim communities can appoint councils or committees of at least three qualified members to review cases and issue rulings related to faskh al-nikāh.[2]
One individual scholar or imam alone does not have the authority to act in the capacity of a judge and issue a faskh al-nikāh. If an imam acts independently and issues a faskh without the proper procedure, that ruling would not be recognized or enforceable in Islamic law.
In the situation you described, your wife approached the imam seeking an annulment of marriage. The imam, after hearing her side of the story, issued a faskh. If this is the case, then this faskh would not be valid according to Islamic principles, as he made this judgment on his own.
However, if you agreed that the imam would mediate the matter and you explicitly authorized him to pronounce a divorce if he deemed it appropriate, then this would fall under tafwīḍ al-ṭalāq (delegation of divorce). In such a case, the divorce would be valid, as it was carried out based on your delegated authority, which is distinct from khulaʿ and faskh al-nikāh.
In the case of an incorrect faskh, the imam is accountable to contact the wife and inform her of his mistake and that her nikāḥ is still valid. If she has returned whatever she took from you unjustly, then you should simply issue the ṭalāq (divorce), even if she refuses to communicate with you. It is not necessary for her to hear your ṭalāq, and you can just send it to her in writing.
And Allah knows best.
Mf. Zeshan Ahmed
Senior Assistant Mufti, Darul Iftaa Chicago
Checked and Approved:
Mf. Abrar Mirza
Head Mufti, Darul Iftaa Chicago
[1] إن تشاقا الزوجان وخافا ألا يُقيما حدود الله، فلا بأس أن تفدي المرأة نفسها منه بمال يخلعها الزوج به، فإن فعل ذلك وقع بالخلع تطليقة بائنة، ولزمها المال. وإن كان النشوز من قبله كره له أن يأخذ منها عوضاً، وإن كان من قبلها كره له أن يأخذ منها أكثر مما أعطاها، فإن فعل ذلك جاز في القضاء
(الحاوي القدسي، كتاب الطلاق، باب الخلع: ١\٤٤٦؛ النوادر)
[وهو أن تفتدي المرأة نفسها بمال ليخلعها به، فإذا فعلا لزمها المال ووقعت تطليقة بائنة، ويكره أن يأخذ منها شيئا إن كان هو الناشز، وإن كانت هي الناشزة كره له أن يأخذ أكثر مما أعطاها، وإن أخذ منها أكثر مما أعطاها حل له، وكذلك إن طلقها على مال فقبلت وقع الطلاق بائنا ويلزمها المال بالتزامها، وما صلح مهرا صلح بدلا في الخلع]
(الاختيار لتعليل المختار، كتاب الطلاق، باب الخلع: ٣\١٥٦-١٥٧؛ العلمية)
وإذا تشاق الزوجان وخافا أن لا يقيما حدود الله فلا بأس بأن تفتدي نَفْسها منهبمال يخلعها به، لقوله تعالى: (فلا جناح عليهما فيما افتدت به) فإذا فعلا ذلك وقعبالخلع تطليقة بائنة ولزمها المال لقوله عليه السلام: "الخلع تطليقة بائنة" ولأنه يحتمل الطلاقحتى صار من الكنايات، والواقع بالكنايات بائن، إلا أن ذكر المال أغنى عن النية هنا،ولأنها لا تسلم المال إلا لتسلم لها نفسها، وذلك بالبينونة
(الهداية، كتاب الطلاق، باب الخلع: ٣\٢٣٨؛ البشرى)
[2] (الحيلة الناجزة، ص: ٣٢-٣٣؛ دار االإشاعت)
(فتاوى محمودية، كتاب الطلاق، باب الفسخ والتفريق: ١٣\١٧١؛ فاروقية)
(المرجع السابق: ١٣\١٧٨)
(كفاية المفتي، كتاب الطلاق، باب الفسخ والتفريق: ٨\٤٣٢-٤٣٦؛ ادارة الفاروق)
(المرجع السابق: ٨\٤٣٦)