Severe bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings between manic and depressive episodes. In manic phases, a person might experience euphoria, rapid speech and racing thoughts, increased energy and less need for sleep, increased impulsivity and poor judgement. During depressive episodes, they can feel extremely sad or hopeless, indifferent, resulting in a loss of interest in activities, and struggle with sleep and appetite.

These mood swings can make daily tasks challenging. During manic episodes, focusing on tasks or following through on commitments can be difficult. In depressive states, even simple activities like getting out of bed or eating can feel overwhelming. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness with recurring episodes of mania or depression over time. Between episodes, many individuals with bipolar disorder experience periods without mood changes; however, some may continue to face residual symptoms. Treatment and support can help manage these symptoms and improve quality of life.

Fundamentally, a Muslim adult is not excused from prayers except for a valid shariʿ reason, such as a disability that renders them incapable of offering prayers.^[1] If one retains their senses, is able to distinguish between right and wrong, and understands the consequences of their actions, they are obligated to perform their prayers.^[2]

It is not feasible for us to issue a blanket ruling, as symptoms and durations of manic and depressive episodes, as well as of euthymia (balanced state between episodes), vary based on type and severity of the disorder. Rather, we can provide the principles, and the one afflicted (mubtalā bihī) will need to assess and apply it to their details. Alternatively, one may speak to a scholar with the details of their circumstances for a more tailored ruling.

In principle, it is necessary for one to pray as long as one retains a minimal mental capacity to understand the obligation of ṣalāh, despite the current episode. One’s motivation to pray is irrelevant. If the person does not pray in this state, they will have to make it up afterward.

On the other hand, if one’s mental state is such that they cannot comprehend prayer and its obligation, they will be excused from praying at this time, but they will need to make it up afterward, unless such a state lasts for six or more prayers, in which case all prayers missed during such a mental state will be overlooked.

For a person going through such conditions, bear in mind the verse from the Quran;

لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا (سورة البقرة ٢:٢٨٦)

"Indeed, Allah does not require of any soul more than what it can bear."

Turn to Allah ﷻ with hope and sincerity. Trust in His plan and seek assistance through dua, professional help, and community. Remember that challenges are tests, and Allah rewards patience and perseverance immensely. May Allah ﷻ alleviate your burden and grant you strength to overcome these difficulties. Āmīn.

And Allah knows best.

Ml. Abdurrahman Raahat
Student, Darul Iftaa Chicago

Checked and Approved:

Mf. Abrar Mirza
Head Mufti, Darul Iftaa Chicago